A urine routine test is a common medical test done by taking a sample of urine. It is one of the most frequently performed tests. Urine routine test includes physical, chemical and microscopic examination of urine.
| Also Known As | Urinogram, Urine Routine and Microscopy, Urine R/M, Complete Urine Analysis, CUE |
| Purpose | To rule out certain diseases related to UTI, Kidney, Liver, Diabetes & Pregnancy |
| Preparation | No special preparation required |
| Fasting | No |
| Sample Type | Urine |
| Reporting Time | 8 to 24 Hrs. |
| Cost | Rs. 100 to Rs. 300 |
Its main purpose is to examine urine sample for normal or any abnormal values. A doctor can use it to diagnose disease or monitor treatment progress. Its main purpose is
2. Routine urine and microscopy test is also used in checking the progress of the undergoing treatment.
Urine routine and microscopy test is performed during pregnancy to detect any infection and diseases.
You should get yourself tested in case of following symptoms or your doctor may recommend urine test in the following conditions –
There is no special preparation required for a urine routine test. You can have a normal meal before the test. If you are under some medications you must inform your doctor. Certain medicines and supplements can interfere with the result of urine tests.
You will get a sterile container and all you need to do is after passing a small stream of urine collect the urine in the container. The sample can be collected from home or you can also visit a nearby lab. For accuracy of the result, always collect the midstream of the urine.
After giving the sample one can resume their routine activity.
The main components of routine urine test include –
Epithelial cells are a part of microscopic urine tests.
Epithelial cells in the urine are observed under a microscope. Small amounts of epithelial cells are found in urine. The higher range of these cells indicates kidney disease, infections or certain medical disorders.
You might require an epithelial cell test if there is pain while urinating, pain in the abdomen or back pain.
The presence of moderate to many cells might indicate yeast infection, kidney disease, liver disease, urinary tract infection or certain types of cancer.
The presence of pus cells or white blood cells in urine is called pyuria.
The most common cause of presence of pus cells in urine is infection in parts of the urinary system.
Albumin is a form of protein. The level of albumin increases in the urine when the kidney does not function properly.
The Colour of the urine is examined visually. Normal urine is clear or pale yellow. Cloudiness or any other colour may indicate infection. The urine may appear red or brown due to the presence of blood. Urine colour might be changed depending upon the food you eat.
The level of the pH indicates acid in the urine. pH reading abnormally high or low indicates infection in the kidney or urinary tract.
Traces of protein in urine is normal. A slight increase in protein is not a concern but a high level of protein signifies kidney problem.
In case, the amount is very, then it cannot be detected in a urine routine test. If the test shows the presence of sugar then one needs to consult a healthcare provider.
The presence of ketone in the urine is a sign of diabetes and one needs to do a follow up with a consultant. It can also be formed due to prolonged fasting.
Given below is a report of a patient showing the result of a urine routine test with normal range for interpretation.
| Test Name | Result | Normal Range | Lower Level | High Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical examination | ||||
| Volume | 25 ml | |||
| Color | Pale yellow | Pale yellow | ||
| Chemical examination | ||||
| pH | 5 | 4.5-7.5 | 5 | 9 |
| Specific gravity | 1.015 | 1.001-1.030 | 1.000 | 1.060 |
| Nitrite | Negative | Negative | 0 | >1 |
| Protein | Nil | <150 mg/dL | <20 | >500 |
| Glucose | Nil | <130 mg/dL | <20 | >500 |
| Ketone | Absent | None | <3 | >80 |
| Bilirubin | Absent | Nil | <1.80 | >4.00 |
| Urobilinogen | Normal | 0.1 to 1.0 | <1.60 | >4.00 |
| Leucocyte esterase | <2-5 WBCs/hpf | 0 | 5 | |
| Nitrite | Negative | Negative | 0-1 | >1 |
| Microscopic examination | ||||
| R.B.C | 0-1 | <3 RBCs/hpf | 0 | 4 |
| Epithelial cells | 4-5/hpf | Nil | 0 | 0 |
| Pus cells | 10-15/hpf | 2-3 pus cells/hpf | 2 | 3 |
| Casts | Nil | 0-5 hyaline cast per lpf | 0 | 5 |
| Crystals | Nil |
The cost of the Urine test ranges from Rs 100 to Rs 350. The actual cost depends on:
Kindly note that prices are tentative and subject to change at the discretion of the diagnostic centers.
| Name of Lab | Test Cost |
|---|---|
| 1. Dr Lal Path labs | Rs 100 |
| 3. Metropolis Healthcare | Rs 200 |
| 4. SRL Diagnostics | Rs 300 |
Urine routine test is very common for diabetes, general wellness and pregnancy. We have tried to address all the important questions related to the test. In case of any doubt, write back in the comment section below and we will try to answer it.
Urine Routine and Microscopy
Dr Bhumika Rana is a Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine & Surgery (B.A.M.S.). Earlier She was an Operation Specialist at AIIMS Delhi & a Medical officer with the National health mission.
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